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An air compressor is a device used to compress air, producing air that can withstand high temperatures and radiation. Therefore, air compressors are widely used in industry, including general manufacturing, food and beverage processing, bio-fermentation, medical and pharmaceutical industries, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals, chip manufacturing, textiles, mining, and metal smelting. So, what types of air compressors are there? This article will introduce the classification of air compressors and their working principles.

I.Classification of Air Compressors 

There are many types of air compressors, which can be classified into the following categories according to their working principles and characteristics.

1.Screw air compressor: A screw air compressor is a type of compressor that uses a meshing screw to rotate in a rotor cavity, which compresses gas by changing the volume of the screw teeth. It has the advantages of smooth operation, high efficiency, and low noise, and is suitable for medium flow and pressure applications.

2.Centrifugal air compressor: A centrifugal air compressor uses a high-speed rotating impeller to accelerate the gas, which is then decelerated and pressurized in a diffuser. This type of air compressor can compress a relatively large volume of air; therefore, centrifugal air compressors are more suitable for applications with high air consumption, and they are also more efficient.

3. Piston Air Compressor: A piston air compressor compresses air by the reciprocating motion of a piston within a cylinder. This type of air compressor has a relatively simple structure, but it produces significant airflow pulsation, resulting in higher noise levels. It is suitable for applications with low to medium flow rates and low to medium pressure.

In addition, air compressors can be classified according to their lubrication method into oil-lubricated air compressors and oil-free air compressors, and according to their mobility into stationary air compressors, mobile air compressors, and enclosed air compressors. Other common types include scroll air compressors, jet air compressors, and vane air compressors.

II. Working principle of air compressor

Different types of air compressors have different working principles. Among them, screw air compressors are the most widely used. The following mainly uses screw air compressors as an example to introduce the working principle of air compressors.

The main components of a screw air compressor include a meshing screw, a casing, bearings, and seals. After startup, a pair of rotors are driven to rotate at high speed within the casing via a coupling. As the rotors rotate, gas is drawn in and compressed to a higher pressure. During compression, the gas temperature continuously rises before it enters a storage tank or other equipment.

In simple terms, a screw air compressor consists of three stages: intake, compression, and exhaust. During the intake stage, the rotor rotates, increasing the intake volume and drawing in gas. During the compression stage, as the rotor continues to rotate, the intake volume gradually decreases, compressing the gas. During the exhaust stage, the compressed gas is discharged, completing one working cycle.

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